Under telephonic testimony rules, which of the following conditions can justify a party or witness testifying telephonically?

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Telephonic testimony is permitted when there is a need to protect the confidentiality of information or the privacy of those involved. When a matter is confidential, appearing in court could disclose sensitive details to people who don’t need to know them. Allowing testimony by phone helps keep those details secure while still letting the witness provide essential testimony. That direct focus on protecting confidential information is why this option is the best justification for testifying telephonically.

Scheduling conflicts, travel preferences, or mere impracticality of attendance can sometimes lead to telephonic testimony, but they don’t specifically address the privacy and confidentiality concerns that telephonic procedures are designed to safeguard.