What are the conditions under which a party or witness can testify telephonically?

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Multiple Choice

What are the conditions under which a party or witness can testify telephonically?

Allowing telephonic testimony exists to reduce hardship while still letting important testimony come in. A party or witness may testify by telephone when appearing in person isn’t feasible or would cause undue hardship—specifically, if they could not attend, would be unduly inconvenienced, or would incur burdensome expenses. This ensures fairness by enabling testimony without forcing unnecessary travel or cost. Situations like not knowing the hearing date, being in the same city and thus able to attend in person, or simply preferring email do not provide valid grounds for telephonic testimony under these rules.

Allowing telephonic testimony exists to reduce hardship while still letting important testimony come in. A party or witness may testify by telephone when appearing in person isn’t feasible or would cause undue hardship—specifically, if they could not attend, would be unduly inconvenienced, or would incur burdensome expenses. This ensures fairness by enabling testimony without forcing unnecessary travel or cost. Situations like not knowing the hearing date, being in the same city and thus able to attend in person, or simply preferring email do not provide valid grounds for telephonic testimony under these rules.

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